Konfrontasi – Defending our Sovereignty

Indonesia started the low-intensity conflict known as Konfrontasi under the leadership of President Sukarno, from 1963 to 1966 in opposition of the formation of the Federation of Malaysia which was established on 16 September 1963, comprising Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak. During the conflict, Indonesia carried out more than 40 bomb attacks in Singapore. Amongst these, the MacDonald House bombing on 10 March 1965 was the most serious incident in Singapore.